I believe most modern fuel systems circulate their fuel continuously so the pump runs all the time pretty much at a steady state, thus generating a constant pressure for injectors and a mostly constant load on the pump whether you are cruising at 60mph or going WOT. Pumps do work and do generate heat. Any give amount of fuel can sink only a certain amount of heat and can dissipate that heat at some certain rate. Maybe one gallon can dissipate the all the heat generated by the pump as it sits in the tank or is circulated to the injector system and back but I don't know. Certainly more fuel could sink more heat and have a longer time to dissipate it.....
I too, would like to know what the operating temp of the pump is as well as how much heat it generates. But since I don't know the fuel heat dissipation rate it really won't do much good. From a purely observational point of view why on earth would engineers go to the effort of placing the pump in the tank and providing it with electrical connections and fuel line hookups, and the associated access panels and seals, when it would be easier to put it and it's connections on the outside like was done for so many years prior. I suppose it might be a noise reduction thing but I kind doubt that was the only reason and question how effective that would be compared to other options.
Personally I am guilty of running my tank dry quite regularly, and have coasted into a gas station on more than one occasion. In the last 400k miles or so I have had one pump failure (and I am not 100% sure it was a pump failure but I replaced it anyway)...I guess it sure wouldn't hurt the pump to just keep a few gallons of gas in the tank, but I haven't seen a rash of pump failures with my run it bone dry strategy either....I will say it does get very slightly louder when the pump is exposed.